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Degehabur Zone
Jarar Zone ((ソマリ語:''Jarar'')) is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as the Degehabur zone, so named after its largest city, Degehabur.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaea700.pdf )〕 Jarar Zone is bordered on the south by Korahe, on the southwest by Nogob, on the northwest by Fafan, on the southeast by Dollo, and on the northeast by Somalia.
== Demographics ==
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 478,168, of whom 268,006 are men and 210,162 women. While 62,584 or 13.01% are urban inhabitants, a further 223,778 or 46.8% were pastoralists. The largest ethnic group reported in Jarar were the Somalis (98.92%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.08% of the population. Somali language is spoken as a first language by 99.62%; the remaining 0.38% spoke all other primary languages reported. 98.72% of the population said they were Muslim.〔(Census 2007 Tables: Somali Region ), Tables 2.1, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4.〕
The 1997 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 304,907 in 72,010 households, of whom 168,211 were men and 136,696 were women; 57,866 or 18.98% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Jarar was the Somali (99.55%); a similar proportion spoke Somali (99.58%). Only 13,514 or 4.43% were literate.〔(''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region, Vol. 1'' ) Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.13 (accessed 12 January 2009). The results of the 1994 census in the Somali Region were not satisfactory, so the census was repeated in 1997.〕
According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 1% of the inhabitants of Jarar have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 10.3 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers, the average rural household has 1.5 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 2.25 for pastoral Regions)〔Comparative national and regional figures comes from the World Bank publication, (Klaus Deininger et al. "Tenure Security and Land Related Investment", WP-2991 ) (accessed 23 March 2006) This publication defines Benishangul-Gumaz, Afar and Somali as "pastoral Regions".〕 and the equivalent of 1.5 heads of livestock. 28.2% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and an average of 28% for pastoral Regions. 23% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 3% in secondary schools. 100% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and none to Tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 614.〔(World Bank, ''Four Ethiopias: A Regional Characterization'' ) (accessed 23 March 2006).〕 In 2006, the Jarar zone was affected by deforestation due to charcoal production.〔CHF International, (''Grassroots Conflict Assessment in the Somali Region'' ) (Aug. 2006), p. 19 (accessed 12 December 2008)〕
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